José Ortega y Gasset, 1925
-French guy thought you should study things from sociological point of view, but originally, this idea seemed kind of useless.
THEN, studying new music/art seemed to need sociological help: "el camino más corto...partía de un fenómeno sociólogico: la impopularidad de la música nueva".
Goal: speak generally about art in Europe.
"Todo el arte joven es impopular" because of it's destino esencial de serlo.
*new aesthetic values*
-Classical art never was very entrañable, but romantic works were very popular.
-"Two castes of men"
Before, people understood things and didn't like them after they understood them and thusly, felt superior to them.
Now, people don't understand the new art (only a minority does) and they feel humiliated by that. New art is an "arte de privilegio"-it's art that separates the grain from the chaff.
Arte artístico:
People, generally, like art when it talks about destinos humanos: amores, odios, penas... Art deals with "figuras y pasiones humanas"
When artists include irrealidades y fantasía, el público queda despistado.
Para ver un objeto tenemos que acomodar nuestro aparato ocular; si nuestra acomodación visual es inadecuada, no veremos [bien] el objeto. Example: looking at a garden through a window, don't notice the glass. So, when Juan and María look to find "their" world in art/stories, they don't necessarily see the "obra de arte", just what they're looking for. This makes it difficult when you're looking at strictly aesthetic art, which doesn't have an easy "Juan and María" story.
"Durante el siglo 19, los artistas han procedido demasiado impuramente; hacen consistir la obra, casi por entera, en la ficción de las realidades humanas." These things are only partial obras de arte and they're directed to the masas.
Now, the goal is a purification of art with a progressive elimination of human elements. This will be an arte para artistas, not the masas. Those who understand the new art are artists and those who don't are not.
Goal: not to judge this, just classify it.
"hay que aceptar el imperativo de trabajo que la época nos impone", not just return to the past/tired and used-up old forms.
Trends in the new style:
1. La deshumanización del arte
2. Evitar las formas vivas
3. Hacer que la obra de arte no sea sino obra de arte
4. Considerar el arte como juego
5. Un esencial ironía (he talks about "essentials" a lot)
6. Eludir toda falsedad. Escrupulosa realización
7. El arte es una cosa sin transcendencia alguna.
Unas gotas de fenomenología:
Un hombre ilustre agoniza. Wife is present, along with journalist, doctor, and a painter. Yet, from each of their perspectives, the scene is different. Which is the real scene? They are all real, depending on your point of view. (RELATIVISM!!)
We should measure them for their "distancia espiritual" from the "hecho común", the agony of the man. The woman is very close. The doctor is a little alejado, "periferia profesional".
The reporter is REALLY far away, not by a human or spontaneous impulse, doesn't participate emotionally- "finge vivirla".
The painter is "cien mil leguas" away. Just contemplating light/color.
If the woman wasn't there, the doctor would have no need to come and readers wouldn't understand the journalist's descriptions and the painting would be unintelligible. Values all viewpoints. The painter's viewpoint is the most "inhumano".
Comienza la deshumanización del arte:
Trying to define the new wave of art that has rapidly emerged.
New images of things "señalan hacia un camino opuesto al que puede conducirnos hasta el objeto humano".
The artist: deforma, rompe su aspecto human...deshumaniza. "Triunga sobre lo humano"
No comments:
Post a Comment