Friday, May 24, 2013

El Jarama (1955) - R. Sánchez Ferlosio


Sobre el autor y la obra
-          Sánchez Ferlosio
o   Spain, 1927-present
o   Was married to fellow writer, Carmen Martín Gaite
-          Testimonial novel genre and also social novel genre
-          Habla de dos grupos contrapuestos, una pandilla de jóvenes madrileños y un grupo de lugareños, en un caluroso domingo de verano, en Puente Viveros, junto al río Jarama. La acción se reduce a la mínima expresión y pierde total trascendencia para dejar paso al auténtico objetivo de la novela: presentar el contraste que existe entre la superficialidad e intrascendencia de las acciones y conversaciones de la ciudad, frente a la autenticidad y superioridad de la naturaleza. (Wikipedia)

Comps ideas to consider
-          La novela neorrealista o realista social: Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio

Secondary source – Cambridge Companion to Spanish Novel Chap. 11: Gonzalo Sobejano
-          Author’s principal aim, in his own words: “A delimited time and space. Showing simply what happens there” (173)
-          Idea of social immobility (179)
-          “social” novel genre (179)
-          “captures the transient nature of life through the use of verifiable, palpably concrete nouns, appropriate to each person or thing” (180)
-          Conveys a “renewed experience of our own mortality” (180)
-          Fatal accident typical of proletarian social novel – girl drowns in a river (181)
-          Best example of the testimonial novel (183)
o   Exposition; vividly lived, inner experiences; prosaic daily routines; chronological time; concrete spaces; revolations of the way things are (“immobilism”); representation of a world inscribed within the historical reality that contains it; successive or simultaneous scenes; the presence of objects, evoked in precise details; condensed experience of time; half-developed characters; distant stance taken by a camera-like witness; transparent prose, colloquial speech, and poetry

Random ideas
-          La avasalladora intromisión de los jóvenes, que turba la paz de los alrededores del río, alcanza valores dramáticos al final de la novela con la muerte en el río de una de las chicas de la pandilla, lo que viene a confirmar la temporalidad humana frente a la inmutabilidad de la naturaleza.
-          In novels of social existentialism, it is difficult to find a protagonist...collective characters represent "una gran masa", a social class...the individual character loses importance and society gains it.
-          Objective (or subjective) third person narrator who can hind behind dialogue of his/her characters so as not to express sentiments. 
-          Writes in the direct, bare-bones style of the crónica. 

Squires' article, "Making Sense of El Jarama"
-          Interpretations of the novel:
o   1. objective text that provides accurate testimony of posguerra society.
o   2. mythical and tragical elements (Lucita as predestined victim of transcendental forces), subjective vision of the author.
-          Novel is unambiguous vision of reality, more rigorous version of classical realism. 
-          90% of text is dialogue spurred either by free association or by environmental stimuli. 
-          During their periods of absence from narration, characters pursue an unchronicled existence in real time. 
-          isochronic text-reading speed=story speed
-          Can be read as predatory nature as agent of destruction, humanity as helpless victim 
-          Prior identification is the key element of tragedy...and catharsis is achieved by courting the involvement of the audience's ego, yet we didn't know that Lucita was going to die, so this formula gets a little twisted. 
-          He argues: Goal of novel is to explore the ways we make sense of reality and experience. 

Characters
-          People of pueblo (Mauricio, Mauricio’s family, barber, chauffeur, pastor, butcher, Macario, Chamarís…)
-          People from Madrid that are visiting area (adolescents/youth)
-          Luci – young girl from Madrid who accidentally is drowned in river

Summary / basic idea 
Todo comienza con la descripción del río Jarama, que nos descubre una pequeña aldea a las afueras de Madrid, llamada San Fernando de Henares. En ella encontramos una serie de personajes que se dejan ver por un bar, cuyo propietario es un señor llamado Mauricio. Entre ésos nos encontramos con su hija, su esposa, el barbero (hombre de zapatos blancos), el chofer, el pastor, el carnicero, Macario, Chamarís... Todos ellos aparecen como representantes del pueblo; por contra también aparecen los jóvenes que provienen de la capital, Madrid, que van a pasar el domingo al Jarama. De este modo el autor nos relata los hechos alocados, extrovertidos e irresponsables de la juventud, y por otro lado, los relatos que les ocurren a unos pueblerinos pacientes, amables y de buen carácter.
Aún así alrededor de la historia, ocurre un suceso que resalta por su fuerza y por la frialdad con la que es relatada; que es la muerte de una de las jóvenes (“Luci”), ahogada en el río Jarama accidentalmente, aunque como posible culpable aparece el alcohol, o la maldad del río, según dice la gente del pueblo. Y de esta manera llegamos al final de la historia, del domingo, y de Luci... Mientras que las almas de sus amigos vagan hacia sus casas, vacías, melancólicas, rotas. Y todo termina como empezó, describiendo el Jarama.

Themes/ideas
-          Social realism
o   Describes life as it really is
o   Doesn’t avoid dirty/grotesque details (i.e. Luci’s death in river)
-          Country/rural vs. city/urban
-          Social class
o   Division between the people from Madrid and the people of the pueblo
o   Ex: one of the Madrid guys asks for cold water, a pueblo person answers that they drink room-temperature water there (“deal with it”)
-          Power of nature (focus on river Jarama)
-          Writing style
o   Action is compressed into a very short period of time
o   Increased focus on dialogue
o   No precise protagonist – more focus on collective groups
o   Third person narrator (more “objective”)
-          Gender roles
o   "A mí esto de que fumen las mujeres, me le quita todo el gusto al tabaco" (like wearing pants, signs of social change). 
o   "Lucita es la más inocente de todas..." So they make her play a game...(classic, teenager-y peer pressure) 
o   Dog fight. Woman: ¡Qué vergüenza! ¡Y los dejan, tan frescos, que se maltraten así! Man: ¡Déjelos, señora! Que se peleen. Eso es sano. Así crían coraje. 
o   Little observations: brushing your hair when you get out of the water so it doesn't "quedar todo pachucho". Girls are influenced by what they see in the cine, how to wear bathing suits, etc. 
o   Guardia civil gets mad at the girl for walking around in just a swimsuit (conservative, old, posguerra control) One of the group gets mad at another for being polite to guardia "dejándote avasallar". 
o   Boys get Luci to drink.

Some General Plot Notes
First part of book
-          11 people from Madrid go to campo in the summer for a chapuzón in the river. At least one engaged couple is in the group. Some come by moto, others by bici. One girl wearing pants (shocking!) Some start drinking. 
-          Arrive at río Jarama. Some say it looks a little dirty. Chit-chat- Are you going to get in? Guys go first? blah blah. Guys rough-house with the girls a little bit. 
-          "Cada cual vive de lo que puede...Nosotros estamos enseñados a que son malas ciertas cosas...pero igual podíamos estar enseñados de otra forma." Bugs, though they seem gross, are actually hygienic- clean corpses that otherwise would be nasty. 
-          "Valiente monigote-dijo Mauricio-Estos chavales en cuanto tienen dos letras, ya se creen con el derecho de subirsele a la parra a todo el mundo" (social classes/education). 
-          "A mí esto de que fumen las mujeres, me le quita todo el gusto al tabaco" (like wearing pants, signs of social change). 
-          "Lucita es la más inocente de todas..." So they make her play a game...(classic, teenager-y peer pressure) 
-          Commentary on gov't: impuestos on everything "Sin impuestos ni el sueño". 
-          Dog fight.
o   Woman: ¡Qué vergüenza! ¡Y los dejan, tan frescos, que se maltraten así!
o   Man: ¡Déjelos, señora! Que se peleen. Eso es sano. Así crían coraje. 
-          Little observations: brushing your hair when you get out of the water so it doesn't "quedar todo pachucho". Girls are influenced by what they see in the cine, how to wear bathing suits, etc. 
-          "Para que luego digan que en los pueblos son poco espabilados" (town that has cemetery on the water rather than on the hill... town vs. country)
-          Guardia civil gets mad at the girl for walking around in just a swimsuit (conservative, old, posguerra control) One of the group gets mad at another for being polite to guardia "dejándote avasallar". 
-          Another run-in: asking for cold water, guy gets mad "here we drink room temp water. deal with it." 
-          Boys get Luci to drink.

Latter portion of book
-          Catch up with Juez, who's at a dance, to tell him a girl drowned. "Encuentro de muy mal gusto el ahogarse a estas horas y además en domingo." He even stops at home in a slow coche to tell his mom he won't be at dinner! (no urgency!) There have been 8 people who've drowned in El Jarama. 
-          One of the boys goes in to questioning with the judge (interesting contrast from initial resentment towards Guardia Civil). "Había telarañas junto a la bombilla"-decay...
-          Judge is completely insensitive. Rude to the girl wearing pants, "Did you lose your skirt in the river?"


(Story begins and ends with a description of the river.)

No comments:

Post a Comment